Examining the Criteria for Women’s Social Presence Based on the Conduct (Sīrah) of the Prophet and Imām ʿAlī

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Level 3 Student in the History and Sīrah of Ahl al-Bayt, Specialized School of Quran and Etrat, Khorasan Islamic Seminary, Mashhad, Iran

2 M Associate Professor, Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

10.52547/has.2025.1806.1067

Abstract

Determining the scope of women’s presence in society is an important issue that has received considerable attention. To what extent, and in what places and contexts, can women participate socially from the perspective of the Prophet (s) and Imām ʿAlī (a)? Given the great sensitivity surrounding this matter, it necessitates precise research. Therefore, it is essential to investigate whether the Infallibles (Maʿṣūmūn), as the most significant role models for Shiʿas throughout history, have specified a criterion (milāk) or view on this, or if they have entrusted it to societal custom (ʿurf). Since perspectives on this subject range widely—from judging complete equality between men and women in all fields to the complete denial of women’s social rights—it is necessary to refer to the conduct (Sīrah) of the Holy Prophet (s) and Imām ʿAlī (a) to ascertain the desired scope, thereby extracting their indicators and criteria. The objective of this article is to identify the criteria set forth by the Prophet and Imām ʿAlī, as moving toward a desired and healthy society must be based on the Sīrah of these two religious rulers (ḥākim-i dīnī). This study uses a descriptive-analytical method to uncover the criteria established by the Prophet and Imām ʿAlī.

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